Thalassemia Awareness and Screening Practices: A Study on Knowledge, Perceptions, and Attitudes among Nursing Undergraduates at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)

Abstract

Thalassemia is a significant public health concern in Malaysia, particularly among certain ethnic groups. Healthcare providers play a crucial role in managing and preventing the disorder, making it essential to assess their knowledge, awareness, and attitudes (KAA). Despite thalassemia’s prevalence, there is limited research on the preparedness of nursing students to address the condition, potentially indicating gaps in education and readiness for professional roles. This study evaluates the KAA of thalassemia among undergraduate nursing students at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM).A cross-sectional survey of 191 nursing students used a structured questionnaire to assess demographic factors, knowledge, awareness, and attitudes towards thalassemia screening. Statistical analyses, including Chi-square tests and logistic regression, were conducted to identify key factors influencing KAA. Of the participants, 73.3% demonstrated good knowledge, and 99.0% exhibited high awareness of thalassemia. Positive attitudes towards screening were seen in 86.9% of students, with attitudes significantly linked to academic progression (p = 0.03). The findings highlight the need for improved educational programs on thalassemia in nursing curricula, with a focus on genetic counselling and early screening, to enhance the management and prevention of thalassemia in Malaysia.